A hazard ratio without its population is not a finding

Research Commentary

A hazard ratio without its population is not a finding

SELECT and FLOW both report hazard ratios below 1 for semaglutide. They enrolled different people, at different doses, for different events.

September 24, 2026 1 min read Commentary Semaglutide

Relative risks travel because they are short. “Twenty percent fewer events” can be SELECT’s hazard ratio of 0.80 or FLOW’s hazard ratio of 0.76, and a reader cannot tell which sentence they were given. The events were not the same events.

Attach the sentence to the entry rule

SELECT required cardiovascular disease and excluded diabetes, and used 2.4 mg weekly. FLOW required type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease, and used 1 mg weekly. A commentary that blends them is doing marketing’s editing. The journal’s rule is the opposite: the population, the dose, the duration, and the endpoint stay in the sentence.

No vial at the end

Neither paper tested a buyer-reconstituted research chemical. Ending this note with a product would pretend the hazard ratio was a shopping result. It was a count of prespecified clinical events under a protocol. The protocols are the citations.

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Research Commentary

Vendor codes are not the names of the trials

GLP1-SG, GLP2-TZ, and GLP3-RT are catalog shorthand. STEP 1, SURMOUNT-1, and the retatrutide phase 2 used pharmaceutical investigational drugs.

September 22, 2026 2 min